Reduce the loss of low-energy photon energy kinetic energy: Select optical semiconductor devices with low bandgap, for example, the bandgap of typical crystalline silicon is 1.1eV, so it can only digest and absorb photon energy with wavelengths shorter than 1100nm.

Reduce the loss of high-energy photon energy and kinetic energy: choose optical semiconductor devices with high bandgap. Taking into account the first two points comprehensively, selecting a composition of multi bandgap semiconductor devices can reasonably improve the utilization efficiency of different kinetic energy photons.

Reduce digestion and absorption efficiency and reflection surface loss: (1) Semiconductor devices with modified absorption coefficients can be used as much as possible; (2) Reduce the total area of metal electrodes and replace a portion of them with fully transparent conductive electrodes; (3) Improve the surface roughness level of raw materials and apply anti reflection layer raw materials to reduce the reflection surface loss caused by the surface reflection surface.

Reduce fill factor loss: (1) Apply a surface passivation layer to reduce dangling bonds at the boundary of the surface or back electrode level of polycrystalline solar panels; (2) Using high-purity (low residue) polycrystalline solar panel raw materials and good manufacturing and processing techniques to reduce the volume recombination inside the components; (3) Using excellent electrical conductors as the electrical grade and selecting a good overall electrical grade design to reduce the number of series resistors.